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Race and Intersectionality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Race and Intersectionality - Essay Example The paper advises that as per Eliot, intersectionality is the investigation of the crossing points between different disappointed minority gatherings. To be explicit, it is the investigation of the various systems’ communications of separation and abuse. It is an examination approach of connections among numerous modalities and measurements of subject developments and social connections. Prejudice is an issue of activities, practices, and perspectives that are not just alluring dependent on sexual orientation since they add to a feeling of predominance and mediocrity. It mirrors the mankind conviction fragmented in bunches with ladies encountering the most noteworthy impact of prejudice than men. Eliot brings up that intersectionality attempts to investigate how and recommends various classifications of culture, social and science communicate on numerous concurrent levels subsequently adding to socially inconsistent frameworks. Besides, Smith clarifies that intersectionality i s of the stand that customary conceptualization of demonstrations of abuse in the entire society, for example, sexism, religion, and prejudice don't work autonomously, nonetheless, these mistreatment structures interrelate making persecution frameworks that depict the numerous structures crossing point of segregation. â€Å"Racism isn't an impact yet a strategy in the interior parting of society into twofold restriction, a methods for creating‘biologized’ inside foes, against whom society must safeguard itself†. ... Also, another model â€Å"when my child was conceived I had been stifled with a needle in my spine. He was appeared to me-the extraordinary marvel nothing readied me for-then taken from me for the sake of clinical progress†. From the models, savvy is being depicted in the emergency clinic set up. Stripping ceaselessly an infant resembles stripping a mother all her protective rights. This depicts how sex is being reflected in the intersectionali sm. As indicated by Smith, as people look to make a socially satisfying and simply regular day to day existence and as an assortment trying to impact the world forever through social developments and political activities, we battle with flimsy associations between class, sexual orientation, and race. The logical and methodological system for associating all these three unique tomahawks distinction and character, of threat and union stays slippery. Harjo sees that any relative history recommends that solidarity request across class; race and lines of sex are well on the way to contend than to combine. As indicated by Eliot, social imbalance various crossing points are called framework of control. This can likewise be alluded to as vectors of favored and persecution. This term clarifies how contrasts in individuals like class, sexual direction, age, race among others go about as proportions of persecution towards the ladies lastly change encounters in the public eye as living like a l ady. Smith clarifies how ladies for a long time have been assaulted in wars, the outsiders and the blacks to show them their mediocrity or for the men to stamp their position. For a long time the social orders have had feeling that impact and powers mistreatment and escalate these distinctions further.

Hastert, Dennis

Hastert, Dennis Hastert, Dennis (John Dennis Denny Hastert) has ´t?rt [key], 1942â€", U.S. congressman, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives (1999â€"2007), b. Aurora, Ill. He attended Wheaton College (B.A., 1964) and Northern Illinois Univ. (M.S., 1967). After teaching high school and serving as a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives (1980â€"86), he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1986, where he chaired the government reform and oversight committee's subcommittees on criminal justice, international affairs, and national security. A plainspoken, congenial, and popular conservative, Hastert became chief deputy majority whip and won a reputation for integrity, patience, and cautious bipartisanship, which helped him forge political compromises. Hastert was lifted from relative obscurity in 1999 when the House Republican hierarchy, in search of an uncontroversial and trusted leader to succeed the ideological and pugnacious Newt Gingrich , chose him a s Speaker. In office Hastert proved generally to be conciliatory and collegial while nonetheless maintaining tight Republican control over the House legislative process. He was instrumental to the passage of Medicare overhaul legislation in 2003, but Majority Leader Tom DeLay tactics during its enactment led to ethics complaints. His so-called Hastert rule, that legislation required the support of a majority of the majority to be brought to a vote, subsequently impeded, however, legislative compromise. A number of Republican congressional scandals in 2005â€"6 hurt Hastert's standing among his fellow House Republicans, and following the party's loss of control of the House in the 2006 elections he announced that he would not seek a leadership post. His term as Speaker was the longest of any Republican. He retired from Congress in 2007. In 2015 he pleaded guilty to evading bank withdrawal reporting requirements; he was attempting to hide payments he made to cover up sexual abuse he committed when he was a high school teacher and coach. See his memoir (2004). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Validity and Reliability of Interview as Selection Method

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 THE SELECTION METHOD CONCEPTS 1 3.0 THE JOB INTERVIEW 3 * 3.1 RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE JOB INTERVIEW 4 * 3.2 STRUCTURING THE CONTENT OF THE INTERVIEW 5 4.0 INTERVIEW IS THE BEST SELECTION METHOD? 6 5.0 CONCLUSION 7 6.0 LIST OF REFERENCES 8 1.0 INTRODUCTION Workforce planning is a systematic process in which the organization identifies the human resource needs and have it aligned to meet the organization’s goals, visions and missions. Comprising of several diverse roles in the Human Resource function itself, it is the core duty for every personnel department to manage it’s staffing effectively by recruiting,†¦show more content†¦In the recruitment and selection context, the validity tests to the degree whereby scores of a selected method corresponds to actual job performance. If an applicants for a job who scored higher in aptitude tests turns out to be high performers, and is proven from statistics, then validity of the selection method is validated. An invalid selection method would only waste the organization’s scarce resources but also sometimes pose as a legal problem. A pilot which can perform in his written tests during a job application does not necessarily guarantees that performance in the cockpit would be of the same excellence. Other restraints in establishing validity in a selection method usually boils down to the reluctance of candidates to participate in tests or faking. To measure validity and reliability in a selection method is difficult but both the concepts’ standards assists to provide better decision making to HR in hiring employees. To ensure validity and reliability in a selection method, proper planning like structuring of interviews can enhance the credibility of a technique. 3.0 THE JOB INTERVIEW The job interview is an interview to determine whether an applicant is suitable for a position of employment. It is usually preceded by the evaluation of resumes from interested candidates which passed the initial screening stage. Interviews remain most popular in selection methods because asShow MoreRelatedStaffing System For A Job1719 Words   |  7 Pagesin staffing organizations, as it is a method used for assessing aspects within the organization. A system without methods would have no efficient method for determining a framework in the process of selection. 2. Describe how you might go about determining scores for applicants’ responses to (a) interview questions, (b) letters of recommendation, and (c) questions about previous work experience. To determine scores for qualitative responses such as interview questions, letters of recommendationsRead MoreThe Importance Of A Suitable Individual For A Position1537 Words   |  7 Pagesthat each interview carries the same validity and reliability. Ensuring that every stage in the selection process has the same validity and reliability is imperative so that all candidates being evaluated are measured against the same standard and have an equal opportunity of being selected. This also ensures that the organization gets the best possible candidate for the requirements which they have. Reliability is a measure of the consistency with which a method is used over time. Validity is theRead MoreReliability and Validity1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this article is to summarize, integrate, and evaluate the many ways interviews can be structured. Reliability and validity are key concepts in the process of selecting among job applicants, since the main goal of selection is to make accurate predictions about which individuals will perform well on the job. Reliability is the consistency of measurement, or the degree to which an instrument measures the same way each time it is used under the same condition with the same subjects (definitionRead MoreThe Use of Psychological and Personality Testing1420 Words   |  6 Pagesrapid improvements in the reliability and ease of administering such tests, companies and human resource professionals have felt more comfortable in relying upon them and abandoning the ineffective and haphazard methods used for many decades. Historically, many companies relied extensively upon the standard interviewing process for selecting their personnel. Such method proved to be no more reliable than a typical coin toss and companies have been pursuing new hiring methods for some time. Today,Read MoreVaried Selection Tools Essay examples1490 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Varied Selection Tools By: BAP Fashions PSYCH/705 September 15, 2014 University of Phoenix The Employee Selection Process Many of organizations today use a variety of techniques for collecting evidence and data about applicants. Methods such as, interviews, personality tests, ability tests, assessment centers, physical tests can be used to classify if applicants are suitable or unsuitable for the job and the companys culture. According to Schultz and Schultz  (2010), hiring decisions usuallyRead MoreThe Essential Features Of Interviews1599 Words   |  7 Pages4.2 Interviews 4.2.1 The Essential Features of Interviews Interviews are an approach to collect data from participants (Denscombe, 2014). Interviews have two types: standardised (structured) and non-standardised (semi-structured and unstructured). Standardised interviews refer to that according to the requirements of a certain position, interviewees should follow fixed principles to response the closed questions in questionnaires. Also, standardised interviewing means an interview that structuredRead MoreTechniques to Carry out a Study1868 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This chapter shows the various techniques that the researcher used to carry out the study. It shows the study design, population of the study sample size and selection, data collection methods, data collection instruments, data quality control procedure, and data analysis. 3.1 Research Design The study used a case study design investigating the causal relationship if any, between the existing Human resource management practices and employee job satisfaction (measured by; AbsenteeismRead MoreBehavioral And Situational Interviews Questions1565 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"An interview is a conversation between two or more people where questionnaire asked by the interviewer to elicit facts or statements from the interviewee.† (Interview) It provides a good opportunity and platform for interviewer and interviewee to communicate intimately, and can usually lead to a better mutual understanding. â€Å"The job-relatedness of the traditional selection interview, which typically follows no particular pattern, is generally regarded as low. Interviews are still the most widelyRead MoreSample Job Description : Dmo ( Dish Machine Operator )1361 Words   |  6 Pages ACC selection assignment Name Institution Date â€Æ' Job description Job Title: DMO (Dish Machine Operator) Summary: This position is vital to the operation of the event. You will be working in coordination with the kitchen and wait staff to ensure a proper supply of clean dishware, utensils, glassware, as well as cooking utensils, pots, and pans. Expectations/Duties:  · Arrive on time  · Know basic kitchen vocabulary  · Look professional (hair held back, sleeves rolled up, etcRead MoreEssay about Jennifer Gaston Case1479 Words   |  6 Pagesaspects concerning the right hiring process have to be clarified. In order to ensure the hiring of the most suitable candidate the right recruitment and selection process is absolutely necessary as it controls the entry of new employees into the organization. Recruitment means attracting potential candidates to apply to fill vacancies. Selection is the next step after the recruitment phase where potential candidates are selected out of a pool of candidates who were attracted to apply and afterwards

Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe - 984 Words

Things Fall Apart, a novel written by Chinua Achebe, introduces readers to a strong-willed man who is desperate to be the opposite of his father: successful. Throughout the novel, Okonkwo unknowingly embarks on a figurative journey that highlights his character and illuminates the theme, which is that the sacrifices of one affects many, especially in the case of a family. Though he travels physically with his family, single-minded Okonkwo travels alone mentally, emphasizing the figurative nature of his journey. Obstacles faced on Okonkwo’s journey have caused his charactered to be developed in a negative aspect, because he becomes more vicious and afraid to show endearment. Okonkwo is not described as a stubborn child. Achebe depicts a boy who grew up in Umuofia and lived in poverty due to the negligence of his father. His father Unoka accumulated much debt and was considered a failure by Okonkwo, who was first ashamed of his father when one of his peers â€Å"had told him th at his father was agbala† (17). Agbala is used to describe a woman, or a man that had not earned a title in the clan. Unoka had failed to adequately support his family, because they â€Å"barely had enough to eat† (9). Their well-being was endangered because of Unoka’s lack of stability, and because he did not want to hunt; he could not stand the sight of blood. Okonkwo believed that reason for his father’s dereliction was because of his values: gentleness and idleness. That inference led to Okonkwo’s developmentShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbook Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe does just that. This book should be taught in schools because it shows the values and traditions of Achebe’s Igbo culture, persistently teaches life lessons throughout the book, and shows the darker reality of European colonialism in Africa. Chinua Achebe is known as one of the most influential and famous authors to ever write. Chinua Achebe originates from an Igbo background and he expresses that through his writings very well including Things Fall ApartRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1324 Words   |  6 Pages Chinua Achebe chose to write his novels in English to reveal a deep response of his people to colonisation and to make that response understood to people all over the world. Things Fall Apart was written in English to teach people worldwide of the struggles he faced and the people of Nigeria faced growing up. Many authors and critics have written about Achebe’s ‘Things fall apart’ adding their valued opinion on what he was trying to say and his decision to write in English. In the followingRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages who took their land for monetary gain. This was a dark period of time for Africans that live there. The U.S. Civil War and The Great Depression both can be related, in this instance, to how down their people were because of what happened. Chinua Achebe said it best, â€Å"I would be quite satisfied if my novels...did no more than teach my readers of their past...was not a long night of savagery from which the first European acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(qtd. in â€Å"Morning Yet† 45). In theRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1452 Words   |  6 Pagesassume control over the Roman Empire. However, imperialism in Africa remained a recorded element from 1750 to 1945. This paper visits how control and changes were influences over the Africans during this time period as seen through Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart. (UKEssays, 2015) Europe was experiencing a few financial and political changes that forced the major European forces to investigate abroad regions to add to their resources during the seventeenth century. In order for the EuropeanRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe2361 Words   |  10 PagesThings Fall Apart Book Critique Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a historical fiction novel describing the life of Okonkwo in a Nigerian village succumbing to European ways, in order to portray Achebe’s view on imperialism. It was chosen for us to read by our teacher because it describes imperialism and its effects in an Ibo village of Nigeria. It also shows the treatment of natives by the Europeans and how the natives reacted. Things Fall Apart is useful to our course of studies because itRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1265 Words   |  6 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is markedly relevant to our current course of studies in World History, as it tells a story based on European Imperialism in Africa. Coming off the heels of our Imperialism unit, this post-colonial novel provides very helpful context on different civilizations’ perspectives throughout the Age of Imperialism; aside from analyzing death tolls, descriptions of conflicts, and names of countries, it was previousl y hard to envision what life was actually like during thatRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe 735 Words   |  3 PagesThings fall apart. Achebe. Ernest Gaines once said, â€Å"I write to try to find out who I am. One of my main themes is manliness. I think Im trying to figure out what manliness really is.† Indeed, every society or culture has its own understanding of an ideal man. Even though these characteristics are different in various parts of the world, the significance of masculinity can never be overestimated. â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe is considered as one of the best examples of a riseRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe692 Words   |  3 Pagesthe way to go. Through commercial trading Islam spread into Igboland, and this led to more Igbo people leaving the Igbo way of life for another, whether it be Islam or Christianity which divide the country in two. In the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe British colonialism and the migration of Muslims to Nigeria led to the change in the faith, social and economic changes in the Igbo society. Traditional Igbo faith believes that there is only one creator or god known as ChinekeRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe the Igbo tradition revolves around structured gender role. Everything essential of Igbo life is based on their gender, which throughout the novel it shows the role of women and the position they hold, from their role in the family household, also planting women crops, to bearing children. Although the women were claimed to be weaker and seemed to be treated as objects, in the Igbo culture the women still provided qualities that make them worthyRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pageschoice and styles are critical not only to the reader’s understanding of the text but to his appreciation as well. How language is effectively manipulated in their writings enhances the reader’s valuing of the works. The selected novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a representation of Igbo culture and their language. It explores the life of an Igbo tribe at the time of when colonization hit Africa. It could be considered as a post-colonial text, as the protagonist of the story and the other

“What’s Your Color” a Study on Color Preferences Free Essays

string(37) " the causes to take such preference\." â€Å"What’s your Color? † A Study on Color Preferences A Research Paper Presented to the Languages Department Of the College of Science, University of Santo Tomas in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course Academic Writing Group No. 3 1st Semester, SY 2011-2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study2 Statement of the Problem2 Significance of the Study2 Scope and Limitations2 Materials and Methods2 Definition of Terms2 2 DISCUSSION Colors2 Background (Definition of Colors)3 Perception and Sensation3 Theory of Colors3 Psychology of Colors2 Research History on Color Preferences2 Color Preference By Gender3 Color Preference By Age3 Possible Factors Affecting Color Preferences3 3 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary2 Conclusions2 Recommendations2 REFERENCES2 Chapter I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Conventions of society on color preferences, whether on age or gender, are nothing but stereotypes. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"What’s Your Color?† a Study on Color Preferences or any similar topic only for you Order Now The traditional adage of â€Å"pink is for girls while blue is for boys† may be proven wrong. About 80% of the information which is incorporated through the senses is visual and it influences an individual’s everyday decisions. Individuals use color in choosing certain objects such as identification and selection of different kinds of food and drink, toys or cars and dresses. Colors also influence object preference in many situations, like a color of a house, clothes and furniture. However, color does more than just give objective information about the world, for it also affects an individual’s feelings. It possibly may dictate a person’s moods and emotions, perceptions, likes and dislikes. Such influence by a certain color is an important center of research in color psychology, which is called color preference. Color preference is the tendency of an individual or a group to  prefer  some  colors  over others or a strong inclination that results from identification with a certain or favorite color. People are affected by different color stimuli and it varies from person to person. However, color does more than just give us objective information about our world; it affects how we feel. A preference for a specific color can be related to how a person may or want to feel in any situation and even how it may be the basis to remember certain experiences. Many investigations have indicated that children and adults, depending n the gender and age, have differences in preferences for colors. A study done by Eysenck (1941) found that there was a relationship between gender and color and that people have a general preference for color. According to Ellis Ficek (2001), females and males tended to be somehow divided in preferring both green and blue and said that it may be affected in taking th e view of neuroscience. On the other hand, Davis, Pitchford Seerif (2009) found out that color preferences emerged with age and that perception of color was shown to have a mediating role in determining a color preference. Additionally, children prefer colors they find to be pleasant and comforting and it can be changed and can vary while adult color preference is usually non-malleable. Although with these researches, color psychology received minimal attention to research probably because of the inevitable ‘instability’ of the results that may vary in different researchers in the past decades. This instability is mostly due to the unpredictability of the color’s variables, making it difficult to come about with results that will lead to a concrete conclusion (Child, Hansen, Hornbeck, 1968). Another problem is that there is no known direct cause of why and how an individual develops the certain attachment to a specific color, which brings the researchers to assumptions rather than backed by empirical evidences. With these in mind, color preference now holds a huge impact in a person’s everyday life for it can be found basis on how people will act in certain situations and is not just brought about by what parents or peers have taught to an individual to like. Moreover, the need for a new research on the issue is a priority because even some of this research’s credible references are decades old. This paper now aims to determine what these specific color preferences are, its occurrence over time, its societal effects on an individual and its psychological cause, bases and changes. B. Statement of the Problem This study aims to answer the following questions: 1. What colors are preferred by male and female individuals? 2. What changes in preference occur over time or as they age? 3. What are the psychological and societal causes and bases of the preferences and changes that happen? C. Significance of the Study Developmental Psychologists. Psychologists, from the field of Developmental Psychology, are concerned with the nature of human development or change in the cognitive, social, emotional, behavioral and physical aspects throughout the life span and this study will help them understand the role of color preference as a building block in development. Consumer Psychologists. Psychologists, from the field of consumerism, study people’s emotional, cognitive and behavioral responses to a wide variety of stimuli (advertisements, packaging, products, etc. and this study will help them understand how color preference plays an important role in the selection of a product based on its appearance. Future Researchers. Because this study has received minimal attention in the past decades to contribute to the growth of this discipline, this will help future researchers solve why people have color preferences and to improve this study. They are also heeded to develop researches based on how these preferences will affect th e person’s behavior. D. Scope and Limitations This study focuses on the color preferences of an individual based on their age and gender. This will also concentrate on the possible cause and effect and relations between the two, the psychological implications and societal effects to the preferences. Because this research is not empirical, this study will no longer conduct interviews and surveys to the population. Moreover, this will not discuss any behavioral outcomes due to a person’s color preference. This study attempts to discuss the causes to take such preference. You read "â€Å"What’s Your Color?† a Study on Color Preferences" in category "Papers" E. Materials and Methods This research employs a Descriptive Method since the researchers aim to escribe and to discuss color preferences based on an individual’s gender, age, their possible relations with each other and the psychological explanations causing the phenomenon. This method is defined as â€Å"a process of gathering, analyzing, classifying and tabulating about prevailing conditions, trends, processes†¦ and then making adeq uate interpretation about such data†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Calderon Sanchez, 1995). With this, Descriptive Method is believed necessary for the study. Different reference materials containing data relevant to the research was gathered such as books and journal articles from scholarly periodicals and online sources. F. Definition of Terms For a common frame of reference, the following terms are operationally and conceptually defined. Color Preference. This refers to the tendency of an individual to be inclined to one specific color. Color Psychology. This refers to the application of the study of psychology into sensation and perception of colors. Hue. This refers to the description of color we readily experience when we look at color. (Briggs, n. d. ) Perception. This refers to the brain’s interpretation of a received sensation. Psychology. This refers to the scientific study of the overt and covert processes of the mind. Saturation. This refers to the dominance of hue in a color. (Briggs, n. d. ) Sensation. This refers to the stimuli received by the main senses of the body. Value. This refers to the linear axis running through the middle of a color wheel. (Briggs, n. d. ) Chapter 2 DISCUSSION Colors A. Definition of Color Color studies began with the interaction of light and color because without light a person cannot observe a color, shape, or space. Understanding light and color was greatly aided by Isaac Newton’s discovery that white light contains all visible color. A person can see colors because wavelengths of light vary; high energy light appears violet, while low energy light appears red. (Cherry, 2011) B. Perception and Sensation C. Theory of Colors Psychology of Colors Color psychology is the study of color as a factor of human behavior and consists of varied studies on color preference. Color preference is a vital aspect of an individual’s visual experience that influences a wide spectrum of human behaviors: buying cars, choosing clothes, decorating homes, and designing websites, to name but a few. When an individual reacts to colors, a number of factors may influence that reaction. A person’s culture, gender, age, emotional and mental state, specific experiences, mood — as well as the appearance, combination and other properties of the colors themselves — can all affect the reaction. An individual’s experience of color is influenced by one’s personal and cultural associations. One would tend to approach or withdraw from objects based on how pleasing a color is or how others would imply meaning to it (Lescroart, 2010). Based on an interview conducted by Sohn (2010), Karen Schloss, a graduate student in psychology at the University of California, Berkeley agreed: I might like purple more than you because my sister’s bedroom was purple and I had positive experiences there. My own personal preference is determined by all the entities you’ve encountered of that color and how much you liked them. † Color preference is also influenced by societal affiliations. Sohn (2010), â€Å"†¦ But it shows that people a re generally interested in the subtle differences between people and what has driven that. Color provides a tool to understand why we like some things more than others. † (Sohn, 2010) While perceptions of color are somewhat subjective, there are some color effects that have universal meaning. Colors are perceived as warm or cool primarily because of long-held and universal implications. Colors in the red area of the color spectrum are known as warm colors and include red, orange and yellow. Warm colors can bring forth emotions that range from feelings of warmth and comfort to feelings of anger and hostility. Alternatively, colors on the blue side of the spectrum are called cool colors and include blue, purple and green. These colors are often described as calm, but can also bring about feelings of unhappiness or lack of interest (Cherry, 2011). Moreover, warm colors are linked with the heat of sun and fire and are generally considered as high arousal colors. On the other hand, cool colors are associated with the coolness of leaves, sea and the sky and are considered as low arousal colors (Pantone, n. d. ). Research History on Color Preferences A. Color Preferences By Gender Most researchers may have not exactly agreed to what color do individuals prefer according to their gender, but all of them said that there is significance only to a little extent. Work (2011) concluded that only blue is the favorite color for both males and females like. However, they differ in the color that genders dislike, having brown for men and orange for women. Ellis and Ficek’s (2001) conclusions almost agrees to that of Work’s, where men places Blue and Green as their top two with the women’s counterpart interchanges the two colors. Eysenck’s (1941) experiment also sees no difference between the two sexes, ranking Blue, Red and Green as the participants’ favorite colors. Early researchers also saw if color properties would have affected an individual to such preferences in colors. Eysenck pointed out that the color’s luminosity may have affected the decision, but no longer elaborated the reason, which is confusing for the researchers of this paper. Child, Hansen, and Hornbeck (1968) focused little on sex differences, but noted that males prefer cool colors while women prefers warm, appearing not later than 17 years of age. On the other hand, Work presented a more accurate explanation that may have a role in preferences. He said that men tended to be inclined toward shade colors, or those colors with black added, because it make them feel dominant and mysterious. It is the contrary for women, liking tint colors, now colors added with white, because it made them feel young and soothed. Moreover, Work said that light and dark colors are preference for both sexes, while soft colors were preferred by women, and bright by men. B. Color Preferences By Age If there is any relation between color preferences and the individual’s age, the answer would be a yes, an almost significant yes. Michaels (1924) experimented on 6 to 15 year-old boys and concluded that there is only a little importance on colors but presented a big factor on the reason of why the preference is present. While green occurred as a favorite color for six year-old boys, the remaining years turned their attentions to like blue. Michaels said: Several possibilities present themselves as means of explanation. Should we consider that at 6 years and under there is no appreciation of the aesthetic sense; or that the individual undergoes physiological changes, which mature at 7 years, bringing into development a physiological mechanism which causes to see objects in a different light? There might be some psychological basis for explanation where the individual the keener sense of perception to aid him in his judgments. Perhaps his social environment is changed at this period to allow a little freedom of action – a vital influence of an individual in general. Could it not be that the innate tendency was unable to find a field of action until properly stimulated? These are some suggestions along the lines of which one could work out a case on the evidence at hand†¦ whether the explanation is physiological or psychological (p. 82). Most researchers, however, focused on the properties of color as determinants if there are significant differences that can be found. On value, the darker category was found preferred by older individuals, opposing younger ones who likes lighter ones, as said by Lee, Gong, and Leung (2009). Meanwhile, Child, Hansen, and Hornbeck concluded that cooler colors are preferred by all ages, which is becoming prevalent as early as six, and that there is little to no significant transcendence of color preference, raising their point to the study of Burnham, Hanes, and Bartleson in 1963 as cited in their article. But they still stressed that changes may still occur because the individual may be socially-affected, which may then change his attention from the color’s saturation as a criterion to its hue. They also added that if there is change by age, the change in cognitive functions of a child to an adult is one big cause. This is affirmed by the study of Davis, Pitchford, and Seerif (2009), which in their experiment showed that adults are more in favor of desaturated and hue colors than that of saturated ones. C. Possible Factors affecting Color Preferences Except the properties of colors and cognitive functions that is earlier mentioned, this study saw no clear cause to explain everything as different researchers concluded either biologically, psychologically, or both. Ellis and Ficek presented a biological origin that it may be a neurohormonal factor that affects color preference, but not elaborated further because the evidence supporting the hypothesis is an experiment in rats and is currently in study. Another one is that color preference came about by retinal biochemistry and the way the brain processes color information, which is sensitive to some colors that is found different in sexes. Females are more sensitive to pink and, while males are more sensitive to green and blue. Lee, Gong, and Leung also noted that elders would prefer colors related to joyful events, while the younger ones would prefer those that will make them comfortable. They agree to Child, Hansen, and Hornbeck’s hypothesis that color preference may be emotionally-evoked which may be an influence of an individual’s experience with the color. Chapter 3 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY This paper attempted to determine the colors preferred by male and female individuals, their changes in preference in their occurrence over time and the psychological and societal causes and bases of the preferences and changes that happen. The research design used in this study is the Descriptive Method wherein data from books and journal articles from scholarly periodicals and online resources were used to answer the research questions posed. The research findings are the following: 1. The color blue is generally preferred by all individuals. Based on the color properties, both genders differ in color preference with males liking cool, bright and shady colors while females favor warm, soft and tinted colors. 2. The changes in color preference by age are not specific. Cooler colors are commonly preferred throughout the life span but changes are caused by an individual’s changing criterion, from saturation to hue. 3. Psychologically, color preference exists from an individual’s emotion, cognitive function and perception stored in memory related to the color. Society also influences color but is yet to be proven. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of this study, the researchers therefore conclude that an individual’s color preference does depend on age, gender, and the color’s properties. RECOMMENDATIONS After drawing the conclusions of the study, the researchers hereby make the following suggestions/recommendations for future researchers: 1. In conducting further research on color preferences, an Empirical Method should be used to gain more accurate and more meaningful results and data. 2. It should focus on the biological bases because only a few researchers have produced information about the biological aspects of color preferences. . It should also focus on the effects of color preferences to an individual’s behavior and inclinations to certain objects. REFERENCES Briggs, D. (n. d. ). The dimensions of color. Retrieved from http://www. huevaluechroma. com/ 012. php. Cherry, K. (n. d. ). Color psychology: How colors impact moods, feelings, and behaviors. Retrieved from http://psych ology. about. com/od/sensationandperception/colorpsych. htm. Child, I. , Hansen, J. , Hornbeck, F. (1968). Age and sex differences in children’s color preferences. Child Development, 39(1), 237-247. doi:10. 2307/1127374. Ciccarelli, S. , Write, J. N. 2009). Psychology (2nd ed. ). Jurong, SG: Pearson Education South Asia Pte. Ltd. Davis, E. , Pitchford, N. , Seerif, G. (2009). Does colour preference have a role in colour term aquisition?. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27(4), 993-1012 doi:10. 1348/026151008Ãâ€"399916. Ellis, L. , Ficek, C. (2001). Color preferences according to gender and sexual orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(8), 1375-1379. doi: 10. 1016/S0191- 8869(00)00231-2. Eysenck, H. (1941). A critical and experimental study of colour preference. The American Journal of Psychology, 54(3), 385-394. doi:10. 307/1417683. Lee, W. , Leung, C. , Gong, S. Is color preference determined by age difference?. Retrieved from http://www. i asdr2009. org/ap/Papers/Orally%20Presented%20Papers/Behavior/Is%20 Color%20Preference%20Affected%20by%20Age%20Difference. pdf. Lescroart, M. (2010). Favorite colors: Color preference determined by desirability of objects. Retrieved from http://www. scientificamerican. com/article. cfm? id=favorite-colors. Michaels, G. (1941). Color preference according to age. The American Journal of Psychology, 35(1), 79-87. doi:10. 2307/1127374. Munger, D. (2005). Color preference in kids and adults. Retrieved from http://scienceblogs. com/ cognitivedaily/2005/06/color_preference_in_kids_and_a. php. Pantone. (n. d. ) How does color affect us? Retrieved from http://www. pantone. com/pages/ pantone/Pantone. aspx? pg=19382ca=29 Pinel, J. (2008). Biopsychology (7th ed. ). Jurong, SG: Pearson Education South Asia Pte. Ltd. Sohn, E. (2010). Color preference determined by experience. Retrieved from http://news. discovery. com/human/colors-preferences-evolution-style. html. Work, S. (2011). True colors – breakdown of color preferences by gender. Retrieved from http://blog. kissmetrics. com/gender-and-color/. How to cite â€Å"What’s Your Color?† a Study on Color Preferences, Papers

Unemployment as a Social Problem

Introduction Unemployment is explained as the situation whereby people do not have gainful employment even after they have searched for job openings for a long time. To gauge the rate of unemployment the number of the people who are idle is calculated versus the number of people who have been hired.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Unemployment as a Social Problem specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Seymour argues that in order to tackle this problem one needs to ask himself why there are so many people who don’t have jobs and yet most of them posses the highest level of education (42). Education is perceived by many as the underlying reason for success but this notion applies to intellectual success. There are so many people out there who are successful in life and yet they didn’t get to the sixth grade. There is no doubt education is important but its relevance may depreciate when there are s o many educated people who don’t have jobs because in the final end its what one achieves at the end of his schooling days. Most job seekers are of the opinion that life is unfair because the students who have passion in their careers are not always given the first priority but book warmers actually get the best jobs. Students need to be mentored on how to start their own businesses in order to deal with the current shortage of jobs. The increase in unemployment has been enhanced by the establishment of multiple training institutions that train thousands of students who are later deployed to an already saturated job market. This saturation is evidenced by the increase in the number of organizations that are hiring employees on contract basis and also part time basis. When most students graduate they have the passion to tarmac until they land a job. Literature Review Scholars have developed theories that try to explain the causes and solutions for unemployment. Their arguments explain that the increase in unemployment has been brought by the labor laws that put emphasis on the need to establish workers union that is meant to fight for their rights (Seymour 31). This merger of workers has caused potential employers to shy away. Others such as Opocher and Steedman refer to the decline in economy which brings down demand and supply of goods which causes organizations to lay off some workers (938). Industrialization has also contributed to unemployment because technology inventions have made work easier by the introduction of equipments that are used to perform tasks that were performed by several people thus the need to retrench excess workers.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance the introduction of tea picking machines in tea growing zones has left so many people jobless because these machines require less manpower to be operated and also are more productive. Recession has forced some organizations to close down because they are operating on losses because their sales margins have gone down (Osulivan Sheffrin 330). There are also those people who ignore certain jobs because they fill they don’t deserve them according to their level of education. This kind of unemployment is referred to as voluntary unemployment because the job seeker chooses to remain unemployed until he/she comes across a job that best suits him/her. This pride can make one remain in that status for a long time. Unemployment also makes people to engage in unethical behaviors such as stealing, bribery, and laziness (Graham 82). Discussion It is important to counsel young people prior to graduations because they should be flexible in order to survive during harsh economic times. They should be encouraged to take the first opportunities that come their way because nobody gets everything but at least everybody gets something. According to O sulivan and Sheffrin there are also workers who are sent packing by their organizations if they are found engaging in dubious deals. This is especially due to the current rise in blue collar crimes (330) .This has been enhanced by desires of many people who want to get rich within the shortest duration possible at the expense of their employers. Scholars argue that many people may have similar qualifications which cause that career to be flooded because the job openings are few compared to the number of people who are qualified. In some countries there are plenty of jobs but the population has very few people who are trained in those professions. In this scenario careers are said to be in conflict because most have qualifications in professions that are least required in the job market. Conclusion Unemployment leads to rise in crime because people look for alternative ways of earning their daily bread. There are many people who have died from stress after staying out of work for a l ong time. Graham explains that some jobseekers become drunkards with the aim of erasing their thoughts about missed opportunities. Unemployment has surely caused moral decay because people are engaging in very deadly activities such as prostitution which in return promotes the spread of HIV/AIDS. Governments are giving out monetary hand outs to organizations to cushion them from recession. This means there is stable amount of money going round a given state. Most governments have established agencies that train and equip the youth with entrepreneurial skills. Banks are also offering low interest loans to business people thus more people are being absorbed into the business world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Unemployment as a Social Problem specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is therefore important to look for the more acceptable ways of dealing with unemployment in future; this will involve establis hing better ways of engaging the society in policy formulation. Works Cited Opocher, Arigo and Ian Steedman. †Input Price-input Quantity Relations and the Numeraire.† Cambridge Journal of Economics. 3(2009):937-948. Print. Osulivan, Arthur and Steven Sheffrin. Economics: Principles in Action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:Pearson Prentice Hall, 2003. Print. Seymour, Harris.The New Economics: Keynes’ Influence on Theory and Public Policy. Montana: Kessinger Publishing, 2005. Print. Graham, White. â€Å"The Poverty of conventional Economic and social policies.† The Drawing Board: An Australian Review of Public Affairs.3.2 (2001):67-87. Print. This research paper on Unemployment as a Social Problem was written and submitted by user Abrielle Anthony to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.